Link Psychological Goals to Physical Controls

Any encounter with new material presents the reader with a "gulf of understanding" that they must cross. Understanding the task, formulating a plan, executing it, and then evaluating the results is a multi-part process; readers should be given specific tasks and feedback at each step. Principle steps in bridging gulfs, in order, are:

   Establish the goal.
   Form an intention.
   Specify a sequence of actions.
   Execute the actions.
   Perceive the resulting state of the system.
   Interpret the system state and evaluate it
         in terms of goals and intentions.